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【原创】Vagrant 设置 host-only网络

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前言

1、概述

使用 Vagrant 默认创建的虚拟机，只能从虚拟机内部访问网络。

但如果想从宿主机直接访问虚拟机中的服务，默认情况下是使用端口转发的方式的，但端口转发有弊端。比如：虚拟机中每新加一个服务就需要配置一个端口转发规则，而且端口转发会占用宿主机的端口，这样有可能出现宿主机的端口冲突等。

本文分享如何为 Vagrant 创建管理的虚拟机配置指定的 host-only 网络，使得从宿主机能直接访问各个虚拟机，且同一网段各虚拟机之间也可以相互通信。

2、相关环境

  • MacOS 11.2.3

  • VirtualBox 6.1.16

  • Vagrant 2.2.10

正文

1、配置新的虚拟机网络

如果你的宿主机没有已经配置的虚拟网卡，只需要在 Vagrantfile 配置文件中配置 config.vm.network 项，就可以新建一个虚拟网卡。

Vagrantfile 中的下面这行默认是注释掉的，删除 # 去掉注释，后面的 IP 是一个默认的网段 192.168.33 和默认的 IP 192.168.33.10。

config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

修改后的配置如下示例：

注：

  • 192.168.33 是 vagrant 给的默认网段，192.168.33.10 也是 vagrant 默认的 IP。都可以修改。比如：192.168.10.11，但不建议设置为 192.168.10.1，因为默认情况下第一个 IP 会作为虚拟网卡的网关

  • 如果你的宿主机还没有 192.168.33 网段的虚拟网卡，则在配置后运行 vagrant up/reload 时会自动创建一个虚拟网卡，网段是 192.168.33

  • 如果你有多个 vagrant 创建的虚拟机，你想使用这些虚拟机来搭建集群需要这些虚拟机之间进行网络通信，那只需要将各个虚拟机的 Vagrantfile 中的网段设置相同即可。比如：192.168.33.10，192.168.33.11，192.168.33.12

修改 Vagrantfile 并保存退出后，如果还没运行过虚拟机则使用 vagrant up 运行，如果虚拟机正在运行则使用 vagrant reload 重启。

$ vagrant reload 
==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '2004.01' is up to date...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2201.
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
    default: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2201 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2201
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default: 
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /Users/jiangzhuolin/Vagrant/bigdata/node3/ => /vagrant
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.

网络校验

$ ping 192.168.33.13
PING 192.168.33.13 (192.168.33.13): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.33.13: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.259 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.33.13: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.372 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.33.13: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.388 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.33.13: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.312 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.33.13: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.383 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.33.13: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.350 ms
^C
--- 192.168.33.13 ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 6 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.259/0.344/0.388/0.046 ms

$ vagrant ssh    
==> vagrant: A new version of Vagrant is available: 2.2.14 (installed version: 2.2.10)!
==> vagrant: To upgrade visit: https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html

Last login: Thu Mar 25 06:50:08 2021 from 192.168.33.1

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ ifconfig

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 10.0.2.15  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.2.255

        inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

        ether 52:54:00:4d:77:d3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 794  bytes 93243 (91.0 KiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 587  bytes 97017 (94.7 KiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 192.168.33.13  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.33.255

        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feca:6320  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

        ether 08:00:27:ca:63:20  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 75  bytes 7668 (7.4 KiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 75  bytes 7881 (7.6 KiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536

        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>

        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)

        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2、配置已有的虚拟机网络

如果你的宿主机已经有存在的虚拟网卡，则可以将 Vagrantfile 中的 IP 改为已存在的网段的 IP，这样所有使用该网段的虚拟机之前均可通信。如下所示：

在宿主机上使用如下命令查看 virtualbox 的网卡

$ ifconfig | grep vboxnet
vboxnet0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        ether 0a:00:27:00:00:00 
        inet 192.168.56.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.56.255

可以找到已有的网段是 192.68.56 网段，然后可以对虚拟机的网络进行配置

  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.13"

重启虚拟机：

$ vagrant reload 
==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '2004.01' is up to date...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2201.
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
    default: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2201 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2201
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default: 
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /Users/jiangzhuolin/Vagrant/bigdata/node3/ => /vagrant
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.

校验

ping 192.168.56.13
PING 192.168.56.13 (192.168.56.13): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.56.13: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.317 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.56.13: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.380 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.56.13: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.424 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.56.13: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.517 ms
^C
--- 192.168.56.13 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.317/0.409/0.517/0.073 ms


$ vagrant ssh   
Last login: Thu Mar 25 07:10:19 2021 from 10.0.2.2
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.2.15  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.2.255
        inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 52:54:00:4d:77:d3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 736  bytes 88073 (86.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 521  bytes 91454 (89.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 192.168.56.13  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255

        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feca:6320  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

        ether 08:00:27:ca:63:20  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 13  bytes 984 (984.0 B)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 22  bytes 1774 (1.7 KiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536

        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>

        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)

        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

在 VirtualBox 中查看已有的网络：

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