【原创】MacOS 搭建 Flutter 开发环境（二）

by charlie · Published 2020-11-11 · Updated 2020-11-16

前言

1、概要

前面只安装好了 Flutter 命令行工具，但可以看到还有很多不满足的项，本文分享如何就绪相关环境。

2、相关环境

MacOS 10.15.7
Flutter 1.24-candidate.11
Dart 2.12.0
Android Studio 4.1.1
VS Code 1.51.1
IDEA 2020.2.3

3、注意事项

前面 5 步都是使用 flutter 当前的 stable (1.22.3) 版本的，从第 6 步安装 Android Studio 的 flutter 插件开始由于 flutter 1.22.3 与 Android Studio 4.1 以后版本的适配问题，所以解决方法是更新了 flutter 的版本。

配置过程

1、使用 flutter doctor 检查当前环境

flutter 贴心地为开发者提供了一个命令用来检测你当前的 flutter 环境是否已经就绪。可以执行如下命令来检测你的 flutter 开发环境

flutter doctor

如下示例：

从上面的截图中可以看到没有安装 Xcode，没有安装 Android Studio，也没有安装 Android SDK...

这是因为我是在虚拟机上演示的，虚拟机没安装 Xcode，毕竟比较占空间。如果你也刚好提示没有安装 Xcode，那么直接从 App Store 中搜索 Xcode 下载吧，完全下载并安装。

2、安装 Xcode

从 MacOS 的 App Store 中下载安装最新版本即可，此步骤略过，如果已经安装了 Xcode，可跳过此步骤。

3、安装 Android Studio

安装 Android Studio 开发工具，Android Studio 是 Google 与 Jetbrains 合作推荐的针对 Android 开发的免费的 IDE 产品，请从 Android Studio 官网下载并安装。

如果已经安装 Android Studio 则可以跳过此步骤。

4、安装 Android SDK

Android SDK（Software Development Kit）是用于 Android 软件开发的工具包，主要提供用于 Android 开发的接口/API，系统库等等。

不同的 Android 大版本对应不同的 SDK 包。这个也好理解，不同版本功能不同，所以接口不同，工具包也不同。

安装方法如下，打开 Android Studio

点击 Configure -> SDK Manager

勾选需要安装的版本，然后点击 Apply

4、安装好后再执行 flutter doctor，发现输出信息已经变了。

flutter doctor   
Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 1.22.3, on Mac OS X 10.15.7 19H2, locale zh-Hans-CN)
[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 29.0.2)
    ! Some Android licenses not accepted.  To resolve this, run: flutter doctor --android-licenses
[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 12.1)
[!] Android Studio (version 4.1)
    ✗ Flutter plugin not installed; this adds Flutter specific functionality.
    ✗ Dart plugin not installed; this adds Dart specific functionality.
[!] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2020.2.3)
    ✗ Flutter plugin not installed; this adds Flutter specific functionality.
    ✗ Dart plugin not installed; this adds Dart specific functionality.
[!] VS Code (version 1.51.0)
    ✗ Flutter extension not installed; install from
      https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Dart-Code.flutter
[!] Connected device
    ! No devices available
! Doctor found issues in 5 categories.

5、同意 Android licenses

按第上一步中的 flutter doctor 的输出信息，需要同意 Android licenses，已经给出了命令

$ flutter doctor --android-licenses
Warning: File /Users/jiangzhuolin/.android/repositories.cfg could not be loaded.
6 of 7 SDK package licenses not accepted. 100% Computing updates...             
Review licenses that have not been accepted (y/N)?y
...
14.7 This License Agreement, and your relationship with Google under this License Agreement, shall be governed by the laws of the State of California without regard to its conflict of laws provisions. You and Google agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts located within the county of Santa Clara, California to resolve any legal matter arising from this License Agreement. Notwithstanding this, you agree that Google shall still be allowed to apply for injunctive remedies (or an equivalent type of urgent legal relief) in any jurisdiction.
---
August 15, 2011
---------------------------------------
Accept? (y/N):y
...
10.8 Open Source Software. In the event Open Source software is included with Evaluation Software, such Open Source software is licensed pursuant to the applicable Open Source software license agreement identified in the Open Source software comments in the applicable source code file(s) and/or file header as indicated in the Evaluation Software. Additional detail may be available (where applicable) in the accompanying on-line documentation. With respect to the Open Source software, nothing in this Agreement limits any rights under, or grants rights that supersede, the terms of any applicable Open Source software license agreement.
---------------------------------------
Accept? (y/N): y
All SDK package licenses accepted

全部填 y 然后回车就行了

6、安装 Android Studio 的 Flutter 与 Dart 插件

flutter doctor                    
Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 1.22.3, on Mac OS X 10.15.7 19H2, locale zh-Hans-CN)
[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 29.0.2)
[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 12.1)
[!] Android Studio (version 4.1)
    ✗ Flutter plugin not installed; this adds Flutter specific functionality.
    ✗ Dart plugin not installed; this adds Dart specific functionality.
[!] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2020.2.3)
    ✗ Flutter plugin not installed; this adds Flutter specific functionality.
    ✗ Dart plugin not installed; this adds Dart specific functionality.
[!] VS Code (version 1.51.0)
    ✗ Flutter extension not installed; install from
      https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Dart-Code.flutter
[!] Connected device
    ! No devices available
! Doctor found issues in 4 categories.