【原创】Ubuntu 下 MySQL 配置utf8字符集
概览
1、简介
如果 MySQL 数据库需要处理 ASCII 以外的文字(如中文,日文,韩文等等)。
安装好 MySQL 之后的第一件事情就是配置字符集,因为 MySQL 默认是 lantin1 的字符集,不支持中文,因此需要配置为支持中文的 UTF-8 字符集。由于 apt-get 安装的 MySQL 5.7.28 的配置文件有部分变化。因此,配置上有些许变化。
2、环境信息
Ubuntu 18.04 x64
apt 1.6.12
MySQL 5.7.29
配置步骤
1、查看当前字符集
刚安装好的 MySQL 的默认字符集如下:
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
2、配置 mysql.cnf
mysql.cnf 位于 /etc/mysql/conf.d 目录下,mysql.cnf 的内容默认只有 [mysql] 一行,使用 sudo vi mysql.cnf 编辑文件,将内容改为如下:
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
3、配置 mysqld.conf
mysqld.conf 位于 /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d 目录下,在 [mysqld] 节点下添加如下两行:
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
4、重启 MySQL 服务
使用如下命令重启 mysql Server 服务,正常情况无报错信息则表示重启成功。
jiangzl@ubuntu18:/data$ sudo service mysql restart
root@ubuntu18:/etc/mysql/conf.d# ps -ef | grep mysql
mysql 34439 1 0 03:47 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
root 34534 34323 0 03:54 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
校验总结
使用 mysql 命令行客户端 mysql 命令连接到 mysql server,查看当前的字符集情况,如下所示:
jiangzl@ubuntu18:~$ sudo mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.29-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> how variables like '%char%';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'how variables like '%char%'' at line 1
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
可以看到,mysql 的字符集已经全部都改为了 utf8,更改完成。
附录
ASCII 码表
https://ascii.cl/
https://www.ascii-code.com/
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